Chemical Properties

Initial Reaction Temperatures in Gas

*Extracted from other publications

Atmosphere	Reaction Starting Temp.	Reaction
The Air	380~400°C	Oxidation
Water vapor	700~750	Oxidation
Carbon dioxide	800~900	Oxidation
_Hydrogen	1000~1200	Methanidation
Nitrogen	2000~2500	Cyanidation
Chlorine	2500	Graphite sublimates
Argon	3000	Graphite sublimates
Vacuum	2200	Graphite sublimates

In an oxidizing atmosphere, graphite reacts with oxyden at a relatively low temperature. However, in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, graphite is chemically and thermally an extremely stable material, enabling a broad range of applications

Initial Reaction Temperatures With Virous Substances

*Extracted from other publications

Substance	Reaction Starting Temperature	Compound Reaction
Aluminum	800°C	Al₄C₃
Boron	1600°C	B₄C
Ion	600~800°C	Fe₃C64
Sodium	400~450°C	C₆₄Na Intercalation compound (under O₂ atmosphere)
Cobalt	218°C	CoC, Co₃C
Molybdenum	700	Mo₂C
Nickel	1310°C	Ni Carbonizing in Ni
Silicon	1150°C	SiC
Cooper
Magnesium
Lead
Tin
Tungsten	1400°C	W₂C, WC(in Hydrogen)
Potassium	300°C	C₈K other intercalation compound
Lithium	500°C	Li₂C₂
Beryllium	900°C	Be₂C (in a vacuum or He)
Boron oxide	1200°C	CO, B
_{Vanadium oxide (V)}	438°C	CO, V
Iron oxide (III)	485°C	CO, Fe
Titanium oxide (IV)	930°C	CO, Ti, TiC
Silicon dioxide	1250°C	CO, Si, SiC
Alumina	1280°C	CO, AI, Al₄C₃
Beryllium oxide	960°C	CO, Be, Be₂C
Magnesium oxide	1350°C	CO, Mg
Zirconium oxide (IV)	1300°C	CO, Zr, ZrC

Typical Impurity Example

Elements

Ultra High Purity Graphite

<0.001

0.10

<0.002

<0.001

<0.01

<0.03

<0.01

<0.001

<0.004

<0.001

<0.02

<0.001

<0.002

<0.001

High Purity Graphite

<0.001

0.15

<0.002

0.004

0.012

0.01

<0.4

0.08

<0.001

0.018

0.006

<0.001

0.06

<0.001

0.006

<0.002

<0.001

General Graphite

<0.03

<0.5

0.2

<0.03

<0.02

<0.3

<0.6

Measure Method

ICP-MS

FL-AAS